STEAM Teaching Research Based on Real and Virtual Technology: A Case Study of 3D Printing Replication and Holographic Interactive Display of Ancient Light-Transmitting Bronze Mirrors

This study investigates the integration of real and virtual technologies in STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Mathematics) education, specifically in replicating and displaying ancient artifacts. The study presents an example of a Chinese Light-transmitting Bronze Mirror, which belongs to a class of bronze mirrors that reflect light patterns from the back of the mirror onto the wall. The aim is to combine real technologies (e.g. 3D printing) and virtual technologies (e.g. holographic interactivity) into a teaching system. A novel 3D printing method has been developed in the system to replicate the mysterious light-transmitting effect of ancient mirrors, going beyond the traditional teaching of shape-only replication. This method enhances students’ comprehension of the correlation between materials, processes, and performance. Additionally, it creatively integrates holographic display with interactive and contemporary optical technologies for artifact exhibition, providing a real-time interactive experience. The outcome is a collection of 3D-printed light-transmitting bronze mirror and a holographic display device that facilitates participatory learning and enhances the appreciation of historical relics. This demonstrates the potential of combining real and virtual technologies in STEAM education and heritage revitalisation.