Bidirectional Converter with Time Utilization-Based Tariff Investigation and IoT Monitoring of Charging Parameters Based on G2V and V2G Operations

Load demand has been greatly impacted by the present boom in electric vehicle (EV) adoption, and this trend is expected to continue. As a result, the grid is under stress, and the recharging stations need to use effective energy management. Furthermore, new developments enable intelligent communication between an owner of an electric vehicle and a charging infrastructure. This infrastructure not only supports the grid when needed but can also charge the batteries of electric vehicles in both G2V and V2G modes. This article provides an IoT-based power scheduling for G2V and V2G modes of vehicle operation. It uses the time-based energy-based tariff to calculate costs in the G2V mode. On the other hand, V2G mode cost, which varies between ranges, is set through monitoring of the charging parameters of EV. Consider an hour of power usage with a 3-kW recharge based on a probabilistic model. The proposed model’s information is saved on the cloud, and the data can then be retrieved through an online application for proper scheduling and pricing.