Fundamentals of Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is defined as the benign proliferation of glandular breast tissue in men, is frequently found in newborns, adolescents, and old men; being a frequent cause of consultation of the plastic surgeon in the male gender. Physiological gynecomastia, presents in almost 25% of cases, as a benign and self-limited condition; meanwhile, non-physiologic gynecomastia may be caused by chronic conditions. The plastic surgeon must know in detail the approach to gynecomastia, mastering its main etiologies and biochemical evaluation, in order to provide correct and comprehensive treatment for the underlying disease, as well as complementary surgical treatments to minimize emotional distress and physical discomfort. This chapter will attempt to provide a concise overview of gynecomastia.