Fundamentals of Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Fractures

The naso-orbital-ethmoid (NOE) complex is a three-dimensional anatomic structure, damages to this region may result in severe facial dysfunction. NOE fractures represent a frequently underdiagnosed fracture, due to the low incidence, representing only 3–6% of the facial trauma fracture. The relationship between the NOE area with others like the nose bones, orbital ring, and structures could be affected by displacement of this segment. Sequelae of a non-treated NOE fracture could impact in aesthetic and functional problems, which includes telecanthus, blocked nasolacrimal duct, airway obstruction, rounded palpebral fissure, saddle nose, epiphora, or appearance of telecanthus despite normal intercanthal distance. Each sequelae are associated to a common mistake on the diagnostic or surgical technique. Treatment must include bone and soft tissue. This chapter will attempt to provide a concise overview on NOE fractures.