Fundamentals of Frontal Sinus Fractures

Frontal sinus fractures represent 5–15% of total craniofacial fractures and are usually a consequence of high-energy trauma. They are associated with a high rate of complications that could potentially become life-threatening emergencies. Consequently, having a deep understand of this pathology and how to manage these patients is paramount. The main objective when assessing a frontal sinus fracture is to anatomically describe the fracture extension and assess the complications than can appear at each location (Anterior wall, Naso-Frontal Outflow Tract, and posterior wall). Available physical exams and complementary tests will be discussed to properly classify each fracture. Treatment aims to control complications. Anterior wall fractures usually involve cosmetic problems, NFOT involvement may impair sinus ventilation, and posterior wall is closely related with neurological complications. Finally, long-term follow-up is essential, especially in patients with NFOT and posterior wall problems.