Fundamentals of Vascular Malformations

Vascular malformations result secondary to structural anomalies. These malformations include capillary malformations (CMs), lymphatic malformations (LMs), venous malformations (VMs), and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Successful management of these anomalies requires an accurate diagnosis. Most can be identified by history and physical examination alone; however, imaging and histopathology may help with diagnosis. These lesions can present with pain, deformity, bleeding, and infection. Vascular malformations can recur and progress after treatment. This goal of this chapter is to describe the major vascular malformations to help with their diagnosis and management.