The Influence of Cutting Forces on Cracks Formation During the Grinding of Products from Materials Prone to Defect Formation

This study examines how cutting forces impact the formation of cracks and chips on surfaces during the grinding of products. Understanding the structure of the grinding process is crucial for identifying ways to increase the output of suitable parts from materials prone to defect formation during final grinding operations, as primary defects such as cracks and chipping occur precisely during final processing. Friction between the abrasive and the processed metal plays a significant role in forming radial and tangential stresses in the surface layer. As the friction coefficient increases, the zone of maximum stress moves closer to the surface of the part being ground, which affects the formation of grinding cracks. The depth of grinding is one factor determining the appearance of these cracks. Stresses generated in the surface layer during processing with a significant grinding depth with solid circles are tensile, contributing to an intensive cracking process. We considered the stress-deformed state of the surface layer of the processed parts under the action of the component grinding forces of cutting force and friction force to clarify their role in the formation of grinding cracks. Using lubricating and cooling technological media reduces the grinding temperature and friction forces between the wheel and the processed material, thereby reducing the intensity of cracking and chipping.