Acquired Cardiac Disease in Cattle
摘要
Acquired cardiac diseases in cattle, including valvular, myocardial, and pericardial disorders, often progress to heart failure. Right-sided heart failure is more common, with signs like peripheral edema, venous distension and venous pulse. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, echocardiography and sometimes laboratory tests. Despite available treatments, the prognosis is usually poor, especially when congestive heart failure symptoms are present.