Fur mites Cheyletiella parasitivorax and Leporacarus gibbus are skin nonburrowing ectoparasites from the class Arachnida, which live on rabbits’ hair. These mites may affect both wild and domestic rabbits worldwide. C. parasitovorax is also transmissible to people. Transmission of fur mites is more frequent through direct contact with infested animals, although indirect contact may also occur. Cheyletiella parasitovorax lives on the keratin layer of the epidermis. Leporacarus gibbus feeds on superficial keratin and sebaceous secretions. The presence of fur mites may not be associated with disease, and they can be considered to be commensal ectoparasites, although hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Despite the commensal presentation, large numbers of C. parasitovorax mites can cause a very scaly condition (“walking dandruff”). Leporacarus gibbus infestation is usually asymptomatic in healthy animals even in large numbers, although in heavy infestations, aging, or immunosuppression, may be associated with moderate scaling, erythema, pruritus, and alopecia. Detection of C. parasitovorax and L. gibbus infestations is made by macroscopic observation, and/or by parasitological examination of the rabbits’ skin and fur. Control of cheyletiellosis and leporacariosis involves killing the mites, removing the scales and skin debris, and identifying and treating underlying grooming difficulties or health issues, such as obesity, and dental or musculoskeletal disease.