Somatic cells are a natural component of milk, mainly composed by immune cells and by epithelial cells. During intramammary infections, there is an increased influx of blood leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, recruited to the site of infection, increasing counts in milk. Therefore, somatic cell counts are an indicator of milk quality and the health status of the mammary gland. The determination of the SCC in goat’ milk for intramammary infection diagnose can be achieved directly by microscopic cell counting and by automatic counters. In goats, however, many physiological and non-infectious factors may cause variations in counts, higher than in cows or sheep. The multiplicity of factors causing great variations and higher cell counts poses challenges to establish a threshold for the presence of IMI in goats.