Caprine brucellosis is a significant infectious disease affecting goats, caused primarily by the bacterium Brucella melitensis. This disease poses serious implications for animal health, agriculture, and public health due to its zoonotic potential. Infected animals often exhibit reproductive issues such as abortions, stillbirths, and reduced fertility, leading to economic losses in goat farming. The transmission occurs primarily through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated products. Control measures include vaccination, strict biosecurity protocols, and surveillance programs to monitor and manage outbreaks. Understanding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of caprine brucellosis is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies, particularly in regions where goat farming is prevalent. Enhanced awareness and education among farmers and veterinarians are essential to mitigate the impact of this disease on both livestock and human populations.