Powering the Future: A Comprehensive Review on DC-DC Converters and Their Vital Role in Electric Vehicle Technology

A circuit or apparatus that can alter the voltage of a DC source is called a direct current (DC) to direct current (DC) converter. To increase the required output voltage, several DC-DC converter typologies have been offered over the past thirty years. In any converter, the fundamental components are boost and buck. The electric vehicle is one of the cutting-edge and emerging electrical engineering technologies that necessitates the widespread use of power converters. The several DC-DC converters used in EVs are thoroughly examined in this review study, which also looks at new technologies and addresses performance and efficiency issues. Various DC-DC converter topologies are thoroughly investigated due to the different requirements of EV systems, including variable input voltages, high efficiency, and compact designs. In this article, notable DC-DC converter designs, including buck, boost, and buck-boost, are methodically categorized and reviewed. The review broadens its scope to include current advancements and developing patterns in converters for electric vehicle. For researchers, engineers, and practitioners working in the fields of power electronics and electric vehicle, this thorough overview is a great resource. In order to address the changing needs of electric car technology, it synthesizes the current level of knowledge, points out gaps in the literature, and offers suggestions for future paths in DC-DC converter development. Here it offers a thorough summary of the many converters available for use in electric vehicle applications.