Healthy Aging and Longevity

Unhealthy diet and a sedentary lifestyle are key factors involved in the pathogenesis and progression of age-related disorders. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the role of nutrition and physical activity on healthy aging and longevity. In this context, we describe the impact of energy balance and macronutrient composition, healthy dietary patterns, plant-based diets and diets of centenarians. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of physical activity to promote healthy aging. In addition, we explain the potential of understanding chronological age versus biological age, and how the use of omics technologies and artificial intelligence applications can identify aging clocks, which lead to more sophisticated precision nutrition prevention strategies that directly target aging and age-related diseases. Finally, since there is a worldwide rapid population transition with more older adults than children, we discuss the impact of socio-economic factors connected to healthy aging.