Automatic and Semiautomatic Devices

The last few decades have witnessed tremendous growth in the utility of intraosseous vascular access, due in part to the growing number of IO devices available to providers. In addition to manually inserted trocars, the modern clinician also has access to several automatic and semiautomatic insertion devices that can more easily penetrate the dense cortices of adult bones. This chapter describes the evolution of modern automatic and semiautomatic IO devices, including relevant figures and images from the medical literature to illustrate key concepts and familiarize the reader with these devices. Limitations and advantages of these devices are also discussed, including device-specific complications and limitations.