The Future of Intraosseous Vascular Access

Intraosseous (IO) therapeutic vascular access has been extensively studied over the last century in a wide variety of settings including preclinical animal trials, cadaveric studies, and human subject trials. Despite the wealth of information that has already been collected about this proven lifesaving intervention, much remains unknown. In this chapter, we will discuss lingering questions about IO infusion that are likely to guide future research efforts, including opportunities for improving our current understanding of how IO infusion works and how it differs from direct intravenous infusion. Future directions for IO infusion research will be explored, including recent studies highlighting the need for additional inquiry.