A History of Intraosseous Vascular Access

Therapeutic intraosseous (IO) infusion of medications and fluids has emerged over the last century as a reliable and effective means of treating patients for whom traditional intravenous (IV) therapy is deemed inadequate or otherwise problematic. This chapter traces the evolution of IO cannulation from the earliest animal studies to the modern day, describing the pioneers and personalities who have shaped modern IO usage and identifying pivotal moments in the development of this revolutionary technology. Along the way, readers will gain an appreciation for the many factors that have influenced the history of IO cannulation, including both civilian and military applications.