Conclusion

From 2012 to 2016 and also during 2022, the amount of irregular migrant flows in Europe has increased rapidly. So, the arrival of migrants entering or remaining unlawfully remains a controversial political issue. Here, refugee flow was analyzed through an L&E lens in the context of HRs. While Chapter 2 provided an economic interpretation of some of the most important historical events that led to the creation of international organizations protecting refugee rights during the twentieth century, Chapter 3 offered an exhaustive critical legal analysis of the 1951 Convention through the application of a case-law study and a HRs approach in the context of the L&E literature. In addition, Chapter 4 examined the main “push” factors to ratify and comply with the 1951 Convention by also questioning if it is possible to build a liberalization model, similar to the WTO model for trade liberalization, for the refugees' movement. Moreover, Chapter 5 studied the variables that impact the refugees' "decision"-making. Furthermore, Chapter 6 looked at the principle of subsidiarity in asylum law within the EU context.