Agriculture and Other Waste Substrates for Single-Cell Protein Production

As a consequence of the global increase in greenhouse gas emissions, untreated waste discharge has detrimental environmental and health impacts. Therefore, during the past few years, restrictive legislation has been increasing worldwide for waste handling and disposal. Waste recycling is no longer recognized as an adequate practice for waste management and as a result, various waste treatments are being integrated with the production of value-added outcomes. Moreover, owing to the rising trend of the undernourished population worldwide, alternative sources are being considered to substitute conventional proteins. In this regard, the concept of the waste-to-protein cycle as a circular bio-economy model is highlighted by employing technological innovations to converge protein security and zero waste for a future with a sustainable protein system. In this chapter, biodegradable waste resources with the potential to be transformed into food and feed-safe proteins are categorized, tabulated, and discussed.