Emerging Technologies for Efficient Extraction of Value-Added Compounds from Agriculture Waste

Bioactive compounds present in plants have found applications as nutraceuticals and functional foods. Residues of fruits and vegetables, as well as processing waste like peels and seeds, contain significant amounts of these valuable bioactive compounds having antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Various emerging techniques, viz. supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical water extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction, are used to extract bioactive compounds through cross-industry technology to increase precision agriculture output and efficiency including the Internet of Things, are become momentary. The fourth agricultural revolution is all about artificial intelligence, blockchain, machine learning, unmanned aerial vehicles, and artificial neural network for the transformation of agricultural activities on digital platforms. This synergy allows for enhanced efficiency, precision, and automation in processes related to food production, distribution, and waste management. Overall, the adoption of unique and worthwhile technical implementations in agro-waste utilization holds promise for driving positive outcomes across multiple sectors, including energy, environment, and economy, while addressing pressing challenges related to waste management and resource scarcity.