Conversion of Agriculture Residues for Bioenergy Production

The production of food for the ever-growing population and raw materials for industries has led to the escalation of agricultural activities and the subsequent generation of residues from food production activities. The disposal and management of these agricultural residues have impacted sanitation, human health, and environmental sustainability. The generation of bioenergy from agricultural residue is one of the sustainable waste management strategies owing to its numerous benefits. This chapter reviews the techniques for the collection, pretreatment, and conversion of agricultural residues to produce bioethanol, biohydrogen, biochar, biogas, biojet fuel, and biobutanol for various applications. Crop residues are collected, sorted, and pretreated before conversion to useful renewable energy schemes. The conversion of agricultural residues to bioenergy mitigates environmental hazards, contributes to energy security, corroborates sustainable waste management, and secures access to clean, affordable, and reliable energy sources. More multidisciplinary research is required to further perpetuate the conversion of agricultural residues to useful energy forms. The use of innovative technologies to monitor feedstock pretreatment, optimize conversion process parameters, and meter bioenergy production will enhance the bioenergy production and utilization ecosystem.