This chapter discusses the representation of womenWomen and different ethnic and cultural groups in the Bulgarian Armed ForcesBulgarian Armed Forces (BAF) and the main developments in the implementation of diversity managementDiversity management policies and practices during the period of transition from socialism to democracy in Bulgaria. The focus is on the advantages and challenges of implementing diversityDiversity policies in defence organizations from the perspective of civil-militaryMilitary relations, organizational performanceOrganizational performance, cohesionCohesion, and teamworkTeamwork. The key question is how general trends in democratic societies may affect the Bulgarian militaryMilitary and the implications for building an effective system for managing diversityDiversity. This chapter presents the results of a SWOT analysis that categorizes the main strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats in transformingTransforming the BAF from a monolithic to a multiculturalMulticultural organization as well as survey results on service members’ perceptions of integrating womenWomen and different ethnic and cultural groups into the BAF. Finally, the chapter summarizes some policy recommendations for the Bulgarian political and militaryMilitary leadershipLeadership for improving the organizational effectiveness of ethnically, culturally, and genderGender diverse militaryMilitary units in the national context and when deployed on international operations.