Glaucoma Associated with Non-acquired Systemic Diseases or Syndromes

Glaucoma associated with non-acquired systemic diseases is a subset of secondary glaucoma, as defined by the Childhood Glaucoma Research Network. Numerous systemic diseases and conditions share glaucoma as a co-morbidity. Among these, the more frequently encountered conditions include phakomatoses, connective tissue disorders characterized by ectopia lentis, congenital rubella syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, and the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe. The genetic basis of some of these non-acquired systemic conditions has been identified, offering potential assistance in clinical diagnosis when considered alongside associated systemic features. Elevations in intraocular pressure result from disruptions along various stages of the normal aqueous humor pathway. These disturbances include pupillary block, anterior chamber angle abnormalities, and elevated episcleral venous pressure. Targeting these derangements forms the basis of the therapeutic strategies for glaucoma associated with non-acquired systemic diseases. Interventions may include lensectomy, angle surgeries, and conventional surgical options tailored to address specific aspects of childhood glaucoma.