Enhancing Ancient Architecture Virtual Learning Tour Through Virtual Embodiment: Impact on Immersion, Engagement, and Learning Outcomes

The integration of digital learning and ICT in architectural design education, particularly in studying ancient architecture, has been transformative. This study focuses on how virtual embodiment in VR affects learning experiences, engagement, and outcomes in ancient Chinese architecture education. A digital landscape of Nanchan Temple was created on VRchat for this purpose, involving 22 architecture students divided into two groups: one with a virtual body (VB group) and the other using only controllers (NB group). The study assessed a sense of embodiment, simulator sickness (SS), virtual tour experience, and a grasp of spatial information through questionnaires and task performance metrics. The VB group reported a stronger sense of embodiment in the virtual environment, indicating that a virtual body enhances engagement, contributes to a deeper understanding of architectural concepts, and improves learning quality in the educational experience. They also showed a higher sense of presence and were more efficient in completing interactive tasks, supporting the idea that virtual bodies improve spatial perception. However, the VB group experienced higher levels of SS, suggesting a challenge in aligning virtual and physical sensations. In conclusion, the presence of a virtual body in VR significantly improves immersion, engagement, and learning outcomes in architectural education, particularly in the context of ancient Chinese architecture. The study highlights the potential of virtual embodiment in educational scenarios and suggests the need for further technological improvements to mitigate simulator sickness.