Diverse Localization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network comprised of a collection of small, specialized sensors with limited memory, processing capacities, and energy resources. These sensors are employed to monitor and record various physical characteristics of the surrounding environment, such as temperature, sound, light, pressure, pollution, among others. Localization has emerged as a prominent research area in the realm of wireless sensor networks, garnering significant interest from academia and researchers alike. This work aims to present a comprehensive survey of diverse techniques and strategies employed to determine the precise location of nodes within the network. Initially, we discuss the available classifications for localization algorithms in wireless sensor networks. Subsequently, we elucidate the techniques and algorithms utilized within each classification. Lastly, we delve into a detailed examination of the existing challenges and issues encountered in the field of wireless sensor network localization.