Imaging, Vascular Assessment: Extension in Depth and Vascular Anomalies

Vascular anomalies are composed of two main types: vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Vascular tumors are most commonly infantile hemangioma and other rare related vascular tumors in children and adults. Vascular malformations are distinct from vascular tumors, as they are differentiated by their clinical appearance, imaging, and pathologic characteristics. Vascular tumors include infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma (rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH), partially involuting congenital hemangioma (PICH), or non-involuting congenital hemangioma (NICH)), kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, tufted angioma, pyogenic granuloma, and hemangiopericytoma. Various imaging methods are used for diagnosing vascular malformations, and these techniques should be based on their clinical findings and the purpose of imaging, whether it be for diagnosis, pre- and intra-treatment assessment, or follow-up.