Lung Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Disease

Systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD) can have lung involvement, typically presenting as interstitial lung disease (ILD), with diffuse parenchymal injury and a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of ILD in SAD varies widely according to different studies. The most common disease associated with lung involvement is systemic sclerosis (SSc) followed by idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (including anti-synthetase syndrome) and rheumatoid arthritis (AR), but it has been also reported in patients affected by primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).