Surfactant-Based Electrodes for the Determination of Heavy Metal Ions (HMI)

Contamination from heavy metals is one of the most serious environmental problems, with high levels of ecotoxicity and health risks. As a result, it is essential to create effective techniques and supplies for heavy metal detection and elimination. Several attempts have been made to create sensors for measuring heavy metal levels in the environment. Heavy metal electro-analytical determination using stripping voltammetry is widely used and has many advantages over other methods. Using different customized electrodes significantly increases the technique's sensitivities. In this study, a total of seven novel polymer-modified glassy carbon electrodes have been developed for the trace evaluation of heavy metals like zinc, cadmium, lead, arsenic, and copper in prepared water samples using square wave stripping voltage measurement. An electrode coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) has a very low limit of detection (LOD). A contrast is made between the LOD results in the scientific literature and those obtained in this study. The outcomes of an independent atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis of the industrial wastewater sample were contrasted. All of the metals had excellent reactions to all of the altered electrodes that were used.