A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Hierarchical Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Data transmission in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is recognized as an interesting field of research due to the specificities of this type of network, where energy consumption is considered one of the major challenges of communication protocol options. Hierarchical data routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) represents a distinct category of routing protocols. This category includes approaches that implement a reorganization of the physical network into a logical hierarchy system, aimed at optimizing energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a new scheme named Genetic-Firefly (GF) for the Hierarchical routing based on the hybridization of the genetic algorithm to select an alternative of cluster heads (CHs) with the firefly bio-inspired technique that allows forming clusters. The simulation of GF and the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol (LEACH) has proved that our proposal has achieved good results in terms of the energy consumed, network lifetime, and received data.