Astigmatism Correction

This chapter explores the types and dynamics of astigmatism, focusing on surgical treatments, including incisional techniques, excimer laser-based methods, and lenticule extraction. The authors evaluate the efficacy of all-femto lenticule extraction for correcting myopic astigmatism using vector analysis. Manual treatment cone adjustment is a popular technique with the VisuMax 500 laser. The chapter also highlights the role of the VisuMax 800 laser with built-in software-based rotation adjustment in improving astigmatic outcomes.