“He Can Walk, He Just Doesn’t Want To” - On Machine/Human-Likeness of Robots in Polish Children’s Perception

We explore the evolving perceptions of social robots among children, highlighting a shift from distinct categorizations of machinelike or human-like to a nuanced view where robots are recognized as mechanical entities with anthropomorphic features. Using Poland as a case study, we delve into the growing presence of social robots, exemplified by the ‘Kerfuś’ robot, which garnered attention for its cat-like appearance. Research conducted over five years reveals changing attitudes in children, with increased exposure to robots leading to a blend of lifelike and machinelike interpretations. Despite a growing understanding of robotic functionality, children, particularly younger ones, tend to anthropomorphize robots, attributing human or animal-like qualities. Age-related differences emerge in interactions with robots like Miro-E and NAO, showcasing a fluid cognitive development in perceiving these machines. We underscore the need to explore how increased robot presence shape children’s evolving perceptions, ultimately emphasizing a trend toward attributing anthropomorphic features to robots while maintaining awareness of their mechanical nature.