This chapter explores the literacy development for children who are deaf or hard of hearing. It defines literacy, describes literacy development for children who are typically hearing, and displays different models of reading acquisition. It then dives into the past, present, and future literacy outcomes for children who are deaf or hard of hearing. With the ever-changing landscape of deaf education in the last few decades due to enhanced hearing technology, universal newborn hearing screening, and early intervention services, this chapter presents the updated research on children who are deaf or hard of hearing of the twenty-first century. Next, evidence-based practices based on the National Reading Panel findings and the Science of Reading will be discussed. The chapter will conclude with strategies to implement with children who are deaf or hard of hearing to support their literacy development.