In Silico Cardiovascular Explorations: Diverse Approaches, Their Potential, and Constraints

Contemporary cardiovascular medicine stands at the intersection of tradition and innovation, where the fusion of clinical expertise and cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the landscape of medical discovery. The combination of clinical medicine and AI has ushered in a new era in cardiovascular medicine, characterized by in silico discoveries and methodological innovation. This chapter elucidates the application of diverse AI methodologies to address complex challenges in cardiovascular medicine: automated literature reading and public database content retrieval for available knowledge gathering and analysis, identification of patient subgroups using cluster analysis, harnessing images for clinical discovery (e.g., genotype-phenotype associations), and data leakage phenomenon in clinical data context (and illusive appealing results it gives rise to). This chapter aims to illuminate the transformative potential of AI in cardiovascular medicine and its role in expanding the frontiers of our knowledge and capabilities.