Unified Peridynamic Approach

This chapter introduces an approach to apply various combinations of boundary conditions when solving the strong form of partial differential equilibrium and field equations. It prevents unphysical concentrations near the boundaries without the use of a fictitious layer. The domain is divided into three regions i.e., inner, \( \mathcal{D} \) outer ℛ  and “real” boundary layer region, ℬ. The inner region is governed by the PD bond-wise interactions, the outer region and the boundary layer region are governed by the PDDO point-wise interactions.