Classification of Automation Solutions for the Handling in the Field of Loading and Unloading of Single Parcels

The limited human performance in the logistics process creates a bottleneck that hinders a higher throughput and filling level in the field of loading and unloading single parcels. Furthermore, the physical work load leads to disorders of the workers. Various automation systems are available, but have not yet achieved significant market penetration. To develeop a solution for the process automation of loading and unloading single parcels, first the state of art is presented and classified into six process related categories to analyze the available systems. The classification shows that systems with a bulk handling approach deliver a high throughput but are lacking in terms of a high filling level. Group and single handling systems are suitable for certain applications but due to the complex industry environment, they do not offer an universally applicable optimization, limiting the exploitation of the entire optimization potential. The optimization approach of a universal solution in this field of application is not expedient. Alternatively, a flexible development approach is required to generate an optimal solution for each application.