Poisonings and Intoxications

Pediatric patients may be exposed to a wide variety of poisoning hazards. Many substances—including medications, recreational drugs, household consumer products, and environmental chemicals and gases—can have toxic effects on the human body depending on the magnitude or duration of exposure. Important information gained through a detailed history, as well as a physical examination focused on specific findings associated with poisonings is helpful in establishing a diagnosis and the appropriate treatment. Classic “toxidromes” can help in diagnostic reasoning for children with suspected poisoning. Management of poisonings in children depends on a specific diagnosis and usually involves supportive care and detailed treatment approaches based on the offending agent.