Pneumonia

Pneumonia and lower tract respiratory infections are the most common causes of pediatric mortality worldwide. Pneumonia is caused by inflammation of the lung parenchyma associated with an infection of bacterial, viral, or fungal etiology. Community-acquired pneumonia is a frequent cause of outpatient pediatric office visits, and children under 5 years of age with pneumonia are more likely to be hospitalized than older patients. The presentation and severity of pneumonia can vary widely depending on pathogenic etiology, location, and extent of disease. With early supportive care and appropriate treatment, the expected long-term outcome of pneumonia is good, and most patients recover without sequelae.