Hyperbilirubinemia in the Neonate

Jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia, particularly indirect hyperbilirubinemia, is a common condition in newborns. Although jaundice is benign in most cases, specific risk factors and high bilirubin concentrations can result in bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy (CBE). Phototherapy is the mainstay of treatment for neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia and usually requires admission to the hospital. This chapter describes the pathophysiology of bilirubin metabolism, as well as the essential parts of a focused history and physical exam, etiologies, laboratory workup, and management of neonatal jaundice. This chapter will also review anticipatory guidance that should be provided to caregivers upon discharge.