Acid–Base and Electrolyte Disorders

Common pediatric ailments such as viral gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, and type 1 diabetes often present with electrolyte and/or acid/base derangements. Being familiar with common findings allows for prompt diagnosis and management in a variety of patient issues in all pediatric settings. This chapter reviews the approach to evaluation and typical management approaches to common acid/base and electrolyte disorders (metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, hyponatremia, and hypernatremia).