Anatomy of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerves—Surgical Challenges

This chapter reviews the anatomical key points, important anatomical variations, surgical exposures, and pearls for peripheral nerve exploration in the upper and lower extremities, with the inclusion of the original drawings and intraoperative case pictures. The anatomical key points are essential determinants for positioning of the surgical incision and intraoperative nerve identification. Knowing the possible anatomical variations is of great importance for accurate diagnosis and adequate surgical exposure. Peripheral nerve surgical exposures are possible along their entire course; while in some cases, two nerves could be exposed through the same skin incision. The pearls listed in this chapter are the result of the author’s long-term experience in peripheral nerve surgery and may help other physicians in dealing with clinical problems related to this field of surgery.