Adult Ptosis
摘要
PtosisPtosis surgery for adults is one of the most commonly performed procedures by oculoplasticOculoplastic surgeons. A detailed preoperative history and clinical evaluationEvaluation are crucial for determining the cause of ptosisPtosis and the best procedure for the individual patient. PtosisPtosis surgery can be broadly classified according to whether it is targeting the posterior upper lid retractorRetractors (Müller’s muscle), anterior upper lid retractorRetractors (levator aponeurosis) or the brow (frontalis muscle). Each procedure has its distinct advantages and own set of complications. A thorough knowledge of the steps and nuances of each procedure will enable the surgeon to better use them for the right patients and optimize surgical outcomes.