Biochips

This chapter addresses biochips, namely, chips that function in a biological environment and are primarily used for living organisms or cells. This digital technology is multidisciplinary by combining many scientific fields and by not being limited to computer scientists or biologists. Roughly speaking, a biochip can be compared with the miniaturization of a physical laboratory that collects and analyzes data (among others from certain liquids, such as blood or urine). For this purpose, biochips also profit from AI. Nevertheless, different biochip types and tests exist, each with their specific way of working. While both in vivo and in vitro biochip applications are possible, many of them are still under development. This chapter also explains what differentiates a biochip from a regular chip that is typically used in electronic devices. Similarly, the difference between a biosensor and a typical sensor is explained.