Surgical Treatment of Neuroma-in-Continuity

Nerve exploration with neurolysis, excision, and grafting as well as nerve wrapping and flap utilization is a surgical option available to the surgeon when surgical intervention of neuroma-in-continuity (NIC) is considered. These interventions follow a period of non-surgical management and watchful waiting for spontaneous resolution of pain and/or neurological recovery. In this chapter, the authors discuss the different modalities of surgical treatment options with their respective benefits, shortcoming, and controversies. Furthermore, two illustrative cases for decision-making in NIC surgery are presented, and finally, a decision-making algorithm for NIC surgical management is provided.