This chapter introduces conventional and permutation methods for one-sample tests. Included in this chapter are example analyses illustrating computation of exact permutation probability values for one-sample tests, calculation of measures of effect size for one-sample tests, exact and Monte Carlo permutation procedures for one-sample tests, and application of permutation methods to one-sample rank-score data. Also included in the chapter are permutation versions of Student’s one-sample t test, Wilcoxon’s signed-ranks test, and a permutation-based alternative for the two conventional measures of effect size for one-sample tests: Cohen’s \(\hat{d}\) and Pearson’s \(r^{2}\) .