Genetic Control of Bactrocera oleae Gmelin (Diptera: Tephritidae) for Climate Change Mitigation

The olive tree (Olea europaea)Olea europaea is a highly prized resource in the Mediterranean basin due to its significant economic role. However, the olive tree is susceptible to various pests, which can exacerbate the effects of climate changeClimate change. One major pest is the olive fly, Bactrocera oleaeBactrocera oleae Gmelin (Diptera; Tephritidae), which inflicts significant damage on olive orchards by directly feeding on the drupes of the olives, leading to considerable yield reductions. Several control measures have been attempted to combat this pest, but some of these methods have limitations and can even have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Genetic control, based on the genetic resistanceGenetic resistance of olive cultivars, is considered an effective and environmentally friendly approach to combat B. oleae. In this study, we provide a description of the olive fly, including its distribution and life cycle, as well as an overview of the techniques used to control this pest. Furthermore, we delve into the topic of genetic control by presenting relevant studies conducted in this field. We discuss the factors involved in genetic control and the parameters used to determine the genetic resistance of olive tree cultivars against B. oleae.