Exclusionary mechanisms directed towards the Other have been apparent since the initial engagement between European thinkers and indigenous cultures in the sixteenth century. Despite the principle concerning indigenous peoples as Imago Dei, the theories under discussion share a central theme: the evangelisation of the Other. The construction of difference is predicated upon a perceived incompleteness of the Other relative to criteria established by Western philosophers, primarily revolving around concepts such as private property and the associated notion of Catholic communitas. Nonetheless, through comparative analysis, it becomes clear that varied perspectives exist within Western thought, challenging the perception of it as a monolithic exclusionary entity. Consequently, an evolving concept of ius gentium, positioned as the universal norm among States, is beginning to take shape.