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This chapter explores the European Union’s identity framework, emphasising Article 2 TEU as a triple foundational element. Article 2 TEU serves as the EU’s foundational standard, embodying shared values and forming a dynamic, interconnected system. It underpins both the Union’s and Member States’ identities, mediates constitutional pluralism, and sets limits for membership and national divergence. Article 2 TEU obliges Member States to respect and promote common values proactively, ensuring no backsliding, with ongoing obligations beyond accession, maintaining EU membership as a mutual commitment. Article 2 TEU establishes a system of interrelated values and principles forming the EU’s constitutional identity, balancing national and European identities. The principle of diversity is the basis of the European system, always within the framework of a Popperian open society.

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The Third Encounter with the Other: The European Union as a ‘Community of Values’—Article 2 TEU as a Limit, Standard of Conduct and System of Values

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Antonio Lazari

摘要

This chapter explores the European Union’s identity framework, emphasising Article 2 TEU as a triple foundational element. Article 2 TEU serves as the EU’s foundational standard, embodying shared values and forming a dynamic, interconnected system. It underpins both the Union’s and Member States’ identities, mediates constitutional pluralism, and sets limits for membership and national divergence. Article 2 TEU obliges Member States to respect and promote common values proactively, ensuring no backsliding, with ongoing obligations beyond accession, maintaining EU membership as a mutual commitment. Article 2 TEU establishes a system of interrelated values and principles forming the EU’s constitutional identity, balancing national and European identities. The principle of diversity is the basis of the European system, always within the framework of a Popperian open society.