Antibacterial Application

Bacterial infections, exacerbated by antibiotic resistance, elevate the mortality rate and healthcare expenses. Multidrug-resistant bacteria pose significant challenges across industries, worsened by bacterial adhesion and proliferation. Immediate action is crucial to develop innovative antibacterial solutions and combat drug-resistant pathogens. Nanomaterials are anticipated to provide an innovative approach to confront antibacterial challenges, with the capability to combat even drug-resistant bacterial infections. CBNMs, like CNTs and graphene, exhibit potent antibacterial properties and are suitable for various applications. Their diminutive size and substantial surface-to-volume ratio allow efficient adhesion to microbial cells, disrupting their integrity and metabolism. These nanomaterials have attracted much attention for their distinctive physicochemical characteristics and improved biosafety. Moreover, functionalized CBNMs serve as carriers for antibiotics, offering potential benefits in combating resistance and optimizing target drug delivery. This chapter aimed to provide a brief overview of the antibacterial applications of carbon-based nanomaterials. Furthermore, we comprehensively examine several antibacterial applications, each based on different mechanisms. These encompass physical and mechanical destruction, the induction of oxidative stress, and the utilization of the photothermal effect. This analysis offers insight into the diverse strategies employed, enhancing our understanding of their effectiveness against bacterial pathogens.