Dye Degradation Application

The deterioration of water quality and the lack of drinking water are critical worldwide challenges. The primary sources of water contamination are dyeing activities, pharmaceutical waste, and pesticides, which account for 70% of water pollution. This facilitates the spreading of several waterborne diseases, including diarrhea, cancer, typhoid, skin irritation, etc. Several methods to reduce water pollution have been examined, considering their modes of operation and related costs. Using carbon-based materials as catalysts in these technique emerged as an effective water purification method. In this chapter, wastewater treatment approaches such as physical (adsorption, membrane filtration, and coagulation), chemical (advanced oxidation and ozonation), and biological have thoroughly discussed. In addition, a brief overview of influencing factors for wastewater treatment, including temperature, ionic strength, natural organic matter, and pH have been addressed.