Synthesis Protocol

CBNMS, one of the most versatile compounds, occupying the different allotropes of pure or mixed hybridization orbitals sp1,sp2 and sp3. A more profound comprehension of the underlying structures of carbon materials and associated features may stimulate novel CBNMs synthesis. Attaining the optimal dimensions, structure, defects, thickness, and surface properties of CBNMs is crucial for future research on their potential applications. Numerous practical synthesis approaches have recently been developed in response to their appealing properties. In this chapter, the most recent and thorough synthesis procedure which is involved in the fabrication of carbon-based materials was discussed. The synthesis methods of graphene, including mechanical exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, chemical oxidation—reduction, CVD, epitaxial growth, and unzipping of CNTs, have been addressed in this chapter. The electric arc discharge method, laser ablation, CVD and electrolysis were discussed to synthesize CNTs. Detailed synthesis carbon fibres (catalytic thermal CVD and electrospinning), carbon spheres and graphitic carbon nitride were also included.