Energy Transition in Brazil: Challenges to Achieve the SDG 7

This chapter focuses the SDG 7, ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. This is a key topic both for successfully tackling climate change—given that the highest share of global greenhouse gases emissions are originated from the energy sector, especially due to fossil fuel combustion—and to enhance standards of living for all peoples, given that energy is a key input for any activity. Through our text, the aim is to present the definition of SDG 7, including the four areas in which action should be undertaken to implement it; the status of implementation of action in these four areas worldwide; and the main challenges to reach full implementation in Brazil. Finally, it presents the perspectives on the topic following the 2022 elections and the start of a new federal administration in 2023. In the chapter, we employ a political economy approach, identifying issues, actors and their political positionings, focusing on empirical data to base the arguments presented.